
Stefan Bell
Value picture
Where the market, the likely price and the model estimates sit.
The model rates Stefan Bell's performance-implied value at EUR 0.5M-2.7M, above the estimated acquisition range of EUR 0.2M-0.8M. Its 24-month market value projection is EUR 0.2M-0.5M. Confidence is medium: no event-level data (xG, progressive actions) is available from the current free source, and injury history is unavailable.
Acquisition note: Contract end date unavailable: range widened by 15% each side.
Bargain Index: not assigned
What drives the score. Not a black box: each component and its level.
Age above 33 (outside validated pool)
| Performance | High | 76th pct among DEF peers (age-neutral) |
| Age | Unfavorable | 34.9 years |
| Acquisition cost | Favorable | est. €425k vs market €600k |
| Expected appreciation | Neutral | -9% over ~2 years (model) |
| Value gap | Very large | weak predictor on its own |
| Development | Low | |
| League translation | Big-five league | league coefficient 0.94 |
| Tactical fit | Not evaluated | Requires event/role data not available from the current free source. |
| Risk | High | |
| Data confidence | Medium |
Bargain Index = percentile (among all evaluated players) of expected 2-year value relative to estimated cost. See methodology and backtests.
Market value history
Market value ≠ transfer fee ≠ acquisition cost.
Profile vs positional peers
Percentiles among 1268 evaluated DEF players with 900+ minutes.
Performance (last season, league)
- Minutes
- 1041 (34% of available)
- Goals + assists / 90
- 0.35
- Context-adjusted G+A / 90
- 0.18
- xG, xA, progression
- Data unavailable
- Defensive actions
- Data unavailable
- Performance percentile
- 76 (High)
Adjusted = shrunk toward positional baseline for small samples, corrected for team dominance over opponents, expressed relative to positional peers in the same league.
Context
- League strength
- 0.94 (rank 3)
- Team strength (Elo)
- 1485
- Opponent strength
- 1501
- Possession, role
- Data unavailable
League strength 1.00 = average club of the big-five leagues. Elo includes continental matches.
Potential
- Development
- Low
- Trajectory
- improving
- Breakout probability
- Age > 23
- Resale range (24m)
- €222k – €529k
Trajectory drivers: relative output up 161% vs positional peers.
Historical comparables (8): median 2-year value change -57% (IQR -65% to -15%).
Risk profile
Overall: High
- ▲Age 35: resale value typically declines.
- ⚠Limited sample: 1041 league minutes last season.
- ⚠Played under 40% of available league minutes (injury data unavailable, cause unknown).
- ⓘContract end date unavailable (or stale in source).
- ⓘInjury history unavailable from current data source.
League translation
What happened to players who moved from this league to the big-five leagues (observed, not a forecast).
Already playing in a big-five league.
Output is relative to positional peers in each league. Movers are a selected group (clubs buy players who fit), so treat this as context, not a guarantee.
Season-by-season (domestic league)
Context-adjusted values are model outputs.
| Season | Club | League | Pos | Apps | Min | Min share | G | A | G+A/90 | Adj. G+A/90 | Opp. Elo | Team Elo | League str. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025/26 | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | Bundesliga | CB | 18 | 1041 | 34% | 2 | 2 | 0.35 | 0.18 | 1501 | 1485 | 0.94 |
| 2024/25 | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | Bundesliga | CB | 18 | 1438 | 47% | 0 | 1 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 1529 | 1515 | 0.94 |
| 2023/24 | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | Bundesliga | CB | 10 | 669 | 22% | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 1566 | 1489 | 1.01 |
| 2022/23 | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | Bundesliga | CB | 30 | 2395 | 78% | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 1522 | 1496 | 1.04 |
| 2021/22 | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | Bundesliga | CB | 33 | 2869 | 94% | 2 | 0 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 1523 | 1507 | 1.05 |
| 2020/21 | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | Bundesliga | CB | 16 | 1271 | 42% | 1 | 1 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 1522 | 1481 | 1.06 |
| 2018/19 | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | Bundesliga | CB | 25 | 2250 | 74% | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 1526 | 1488 | 1.05 |
| 2017/18 | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | Bundesliga | CB | 25 | 2176 | 71% | 1 | 0 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 1512 | 1444 | 1.04 |
| 2016/17 | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | Bundesliga | CB | 31 | 2744 | 90% | 5 | 1 | 0.20 | 0.16 | 1527 | 1450 | 1.06 |
| 2015/16 | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | Bundesliga | CB | 30 | 2635 | 86% | 1 | 4 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 1509 | 1508 | 1.02 |
| 2014/15 | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | Bundesliga | CB | 31 | 2790 | 91% | 3 | 2 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 1529 | 1481 | 1.03 |
| 2013/14 | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | Bundesliga | CB | 27 | 2272 | 74% | 0 | 3 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 1560 | 1509 | 1.03 |
| 2012/13 | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | Bundesliga | CB | 8 | 469 | 15% | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 1459 | 1507 | 1.11 |
Cups & continental competitions
| Season | Competition | Club | Apps | Min | G | A | Avg opp. Elo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025/26 | Uefa Conference League Qualifying | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | 2 | 172 | 1 | 0 | 1335 |
| 2025/26 | Dfb Pokal | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | 1 | 45 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2024/25 | Dfb Pokal | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | 2 | 79 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2023/24 | Dfb Pokal | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | 1 | 90 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2022/23 | Dfb Pokal | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | 1 | 90 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2021/22 | Dfb Pokal | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | 3 | 271 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2019/20 | Dfb Pokal | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | 1 | 67 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2018/19 | Dfb Pokal | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | 2 | 210 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2017/18 | Dfb Pokal | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | 3 | 300 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2016/17 | Uefa Europa League | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | 6 | 540 | 0 | 0 | 1447 |
| 2016/17 | Dfb Pokal | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | 1 | 120 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2015/16 | Dfb Pokal | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | 2 | 180 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2014/15 | Uefa Europa League Qualifying | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | 2 | 180 | 0 | 0 | 1370 |
| 2014/15 | Dfb Pokal | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | 1 | 120 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2013/14 | Dfb Pokal | 1.FSV Mainz 05 | 1 | 90 | 0 | 0 | — |
Small continental samples are shown for context only and are not over-weighted.
Historical comparables
Most similar profiles 2+ years ago (same position group) and what happened next. Chosen by similarity only — failures included.
| Player (then) | Age | Value then | ~2y later | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iván Ramis Laliga · 2018 | 34 | €500k | €650k | rose |
| Walter Samuel Serie A · 2014 | 36 | €500k | €400k | fell |
| Alexander Madlung Bundesliga · 2015 | 33 | €800k | €250k | fell |
| João Carlos Premier Liga · 2015 | 33 | €1.0M | €250k | fell |
| Bernardo Espinosa Laliga · 2023 | 34 | €1.5M | €550k | fell |
| Brede Hangeland Premier League · 2015 | 34 | €1.0M | €1.0M | flat |
| Marcel Ndjeng Bundesliga · 2015 | 33 | €400k | €150k | fell |
| Mathieu Bodmer Ligue 1 · 2016 | 34 | €1.0M | €500k | fell |
Transfer history
Fees as reported by the source; undisclosed fees shown as unknown, never estimated.
| Date | From | To | Fee | MV at time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31 Dec 2011 | Frankfurt | Mainz | Free / loan | €1.3M |
| 1 Jul 2011 | Mainz | Frankfurt | Free / loan | €1.5M |
| 30 Jun 2011 | 1860 Munich | Mainz | Free / loan | €1.5M |
| 14 Aug 2010 | Mainz | 1860 Munich | Free / loan | €1.0M |
| 1 Jul 2010 | Mainz 05 U19 | Mainz | Unknown | Data unavailable |
| 1 Jul 2008 | Mainz 05 U17 | Mainz 05 U19 | Unknown | Data unavailable |
| 1 Jul 2007 | TuS Mayen U17 | Mainz 05 U17 | Free / loan | Data unavailable |
MoneyballAI identifies statistical opportunities from available data. A player flagged as a potential bargain is not guaranteed to succeed, to transfer, to rise in value, or to generate resale profit. Market values, fees and contracts come from third-party sources; ranges are model estimates with stated confidence.