Sam Lammers
Value picture
Where the market, the likely price and the model estimates sit.
The model rates Sam Lammers's performance-implied value at EUR 1.7M-8.8M, above the estimated acquisition range of EUR 1.1M-3.6M. Its 24-month market value projection is EUR 1.2M-3.4M. Context-adjusted goal contributions are 1.05x the positional average in the league (1546 minutes, league coefficient 0.43). Confidence is medium: no event-level data (xG, progressive actions) is available from the current free source, and injury history is unavailable.
Acquisition note: Final year of contract: selling club's leverage is reduced.
Bargain Index: 55
What drives the score. Not a black box: each component and its level.
| Performance | Above average | 55.2th pct among ATT peers (age-neutral) |
| Age | Unfavorable | 29.2 years |
| Acquisition cost | Very favorable | est. €1.5M vs market €4.0M |
| Expected appreciation | Very low | -48% over ~2 years (model) |
| Value gap | Very large | weak predictor on its own |
| Development | Low | |
| League translation | Uncertain | league coefficient 0.43 |
| Tactical fit | Not evaluated | Requires event/role data not available from the current free source. |
| Risk | High | |
| Data confidence | Medium |
Bargain Index = percentile (among all evaluated players) of expected 2-year value relative to estimated cost. See methodology and backtests.
Market value history
Market value ≠ transfer fee ≠ acquisition cost.
Profile vs positional peers
Percentiles among 900 evaluated ATT players with 900+ minutes.
Performance (last season, league)
- Minutes
- 1546 (51% of available)
- Goals + assists / 90
- 0.81
- Context-adjusted G+A / 90
- 0.54
- xG, xA, progression
- Data unavailable
- Defensive actions
- Data unavailable
- Performance percentile
- 55 (Above average)
Adjusted = shrunk toward positional baseline for small samples, corrected for team dominance over opponents, expressed relative to positional peers in the same league.
Context
- League strength
- 0.43 (rank 15)
- Team strength (Elo)
- 1403
- Opponent strength
- 1321
- Possession, role
- Data unavailable
League strength 1.00 = average club of the big-five leagues. Elo includes continental matches.
Potential
- Development
- Low
- Trajectory
- improving
- Breakout probability
- Age > 23
- Resale range (24m)
- €1.2M – €3.4M
Trajectory drivers: relative output up 39% vs positional peers.
Historical comparables (8): median 2-year value change -67% (IQR -79% to -45%).
Risk profile
Overall: High
- ⚠Limited sample: 1546 league minutes last season.
- ⚠League level coefficient 0.43 (1.00 = big-five average): output may not translate.
- ⚠No continental-competition minutes last season.
- ⚠Contract ends in 12 months: cheaper, but competition and wage demands likely.
- ⓘInjury history unavailable from current data source.
League translation
What happened to players who moved from this league to the big-five leagues (observed, not a forecast).
- Historical movers
- 82 (ATT)
- Relative output kept
- 73%–122%
- Held a regular role (900+ min)
- 61%
- Confidence
- Medium
Output is relative to positional peers in each league. Movers are a selected group (clubs buy players who fit), so treat this as context, not a guarantee.
Season-by-season (domestic league)
Context-adjusted values are model outputs.
| Season | Club | League | Pos | Apps | Min | Min share | G | A | G+A/90 | Adj. G+A/90 | Opp. Elo | Team Elo | League str. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025/26 | FC Twente Enschede | Eredivisie | ST | 25 | 1546 | 51% | 6 | 8 | 0.82 | 0.54 | 1321 | 1403 | 0.43 |
| 2024/25 | FC Twente Enschede | Eredivisie | ST | 21 | 1508 | 49% | 7 | 2 | 0.54 | 0.40 | 1277 | 1409 | 0.50 |
| 2023/24 | FC Utrecht | Eredivisie | ST | 18 | 1607 | 53% | 10 | 3 | 0.73 | 0.55 | 1347 | 1354 | 0.48 |
| 2023/24 | Rangers FC | Scottish Premiership | ST | 17 | 847 | 29% | 2 | 1 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 1194 | 1501 | 0.34 |
| 2022/23 | UC Sampdoria | Serie A | ST | 19 | 1103 | 32% | 1 | 1 | 0.16 | 0.49 | 1487 | 1271 | 0.94 |
| 2022/23 | FC Empoli | Serie A | ST | 14 | 882 | 26% | 1 | 1 | 0.20 | 0.48 | 1440 | 1388 | 0.94 |
| 2021/22 | Eintracht Frankfurt | Bundesliga | ST | 15 | 514 | 17% | 1 | 0 | 0.18 | 0.32 | 1510 | 1594 | 1.05 |
| 2021/22 | Atalanta BC | Serie A | ST | 2 | 36 | 1% | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.27 | 1374 | 1566 | 0.89 |
| 2020/21 | Atalanta BC | Serie A | ST | 15 | 277 | 8% | 2 | 0 | 0.65 | 0.32 | 1442 | 1673 | 0.90 |
| 2020/21 | PSV Eindhoven | Eredivisie | ST | 1 | 51 | 2% | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.31 | 1345 | 1567 | 0.56 |
| 2019/20 | PSV Eindhoven | Eredivisie | ST | 7 | 546 | 23% | 2 | 1 | 0.49 | 0.40 | 1417 | 1553 | 0.62 |
| 2018/19 | SC Heerenveen | Eredivisie | ST | 31 | 2692 | 88% | 16 | 5 | 0.70 | 0.64 | 1359 | 1296 | 0.61 |
| 2017/18 | PSV Eindhoven | Eredivisie | ST | 7 | 207 | 7% | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.23 | 1323 | 1636 | 0.59 |
| 2016/17 | PSV Eindhoven | Eredivisie | ST | 5 | 143 | 5% | 2 | 0 | 1.26 | 0.33 | 1309 | 1609 | 0.54 |
Cups & continental competitions
| Season | Competition | Club | Apps | Min | G | A | Avg opp. Elo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025/26 | Knvb Beker | FC Twente Enschede | 4 | 298 | 1 | 0 | — |
| 2024/25 | Uefa Europa League | FC Twente Enschede | 7 | 442 | 2 | 0 | 1556 |
| 2024/25 | Uefa Champions League Qualifying | FC Twente Enschede | 2 | 123 | 0 | 0 | 1625 |
| 2024/25 | Knvb Beker | FC Twente Enschede | 1 | 45 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2023/24 | Uefa Europa League | Rangers FC | 6 | 424 | 0 | 0 | 1481 |
| 2023/24 | Uefa Champions League Qualifying | Rangers FC | 4 | 139 | 0 | 1 | 1563 |
| 2022/23 | Italy Cup | UC Sampdoria | 1 | 45 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2021/22 | Uefa Europa League | Eintracht Frankfurt | 7 | 282 | 1 | 0 | 1448 |
| 2020/21 | Italy Cup | Atalanta BC | 1 | 10 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2020/21 | Uefa Champions League | Atalanta BC | 1 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1819 |
| 2019/20 | Johan Cruijff Schaal | PSV Eindhoven | 1 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 1746 |
| 2019/20 | Knvb Beker | PSV Eindhoven | 1 | 45 | 0 | 0 | — |
| 2019/20 | Uefa Champions League Qualifying | PSV Eindhoven | 1 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 1590 |
| 2018/19 | Knvb Beker | SC Heerenveen | 4 | 372 | 3 | 0 | — |
| 2017/18 | Knvb Beker | PSV Eindhoven | 3 | 156 | 1 | 0 | — |
| 2017/18 | Uefa Europa League Qualifying | PSV Eindhoven | 1 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1385 |
| 2016/17 | Knvb Beker | PSV Eindhoven | 2 | 31 | 0 | 0 | — |
Small continental samples are shown for context only and are not over-weighted.
Historical comparables
Most similar profiles 2+ years ago (same position group) and what happened next. Chosen by similarity only — failures included.
| Player (then) | Age | Value then | ~2y later | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serdar Dursun Super Lig · 2022 | 31 | €3.5M | €750k | fell |
| Théo Bongonda Premier Liga · 2024 | 29 | €5.0M | €3.0M | fell |
| Nélson Oliveira Super League 1 · 2020 | 29 | €2.8M | €1.5M | fell |
| Famara Diédhiou Super Lig · 2022 | 30 | €4.0M | €500k | fell |
| Andraz Sporar Super League 1 · 2023 | 29 | €5.0M | €1.7M | fell |
| Fernando Andrade Super Lig · 2020 | 27 | €3.2M | €1.0M | fell |
| Lior Refaelov Jupiler Pro League · 2014 | 28 | €2.5M | €3.5M | rose |
| Ohi Omoijuanfo Superliga · 2023 | 29 | €2.5M | €450k | fell |
Transfer history
Fees as reported by the source; undisclosed fees shown as unknown, never estimated.
| Date | From | To | Fee | MV at time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 Jul 2024 | Rangers | FC Twente | €2.0M | €5.0M |
| 30 Jun 2024 | Utrecht | Rangers | Free / loan | €5.0M |
| 10 Jan 2024 | Rangers | Utrecht | Free / loan | €2.0M |
| 1 Jul 2023 | Atalanta | Rangers | €4.1M | €2.0M |
| 30 Jun 2023 | FC Empoli | Atalanta | Free / loan | €2.0M |
| 29 Jun 2023 | Sampdoria | FC Empoli | Free / loan | €2.0M |
| 2 Jan 2023 | FC Empoli | Sampdoria | Free / loan | €2.8M |
| 7 Aug 2022 | Atalanta | FC Empoli | Free / loan | €3.0M |
| 30 Jun 2022 | Frankfurt | Atalanta | Free / loan | €3.0M |
| 31 Aug 2021 | Atalanta | Frankfurt | Free / loan | €6.0M |
| 22 Sept 2020 | PSV | Atalanta | €8.0M | €7.0M |
| 30 Jun 2019 | Heerenveen | PSV | Free / loan | €9.0M |
| 1 Jul 2018 | PSV | Heerenveen | Free / loan | €1.5M |
| 1 Jul 2017 | PSV U21 | PSV | Unknown | €900k |
| 1 Jul 2015 | PSV U19 | PSV U21 | Unknown | €25k |
| 1 Jul 2014 | PSV U17 | PSV U19 | Unknown | Data unavailable |
| 1 Jul 2012 | PSV Yth. | PSV U17 | Unknown | Data unavailable |
| 1 Jul 2010 | Willem II/RKC Y. | PSV Yth. | Unknown | Data unavailable |
| 1 Jul 2005 | VOAB Jeugd | Willem II Youth | Free / loan | Data unavailable |
MoneyballAI identifies statistical opportunities from available data. A player flagged as a potential bargain is not guaranteed to succeed, to transfer, to rise in value, or to generate resale profit. Market values, fees and contracts come from third-party sources; ranges are model estimates with stated confidence.